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Materials

Diamond sp3 layering

DIAMOND CRYSTAL / FULLERENE DEPOSITS

We have strong indications that our systems deposit fullerene structures on conductive materials like copper, gold, silver and alloys. This needs to be confirmed by further testing by competent scientific institutes.
 
We have proof however that our systems deposit diamond-like crystals on various types of conductive materials, where the electronic diamond tester indicates the presence of diamond. The professional diamond testing device used is the Diamond Selector 2 of the Culti brand.

Tests performed with the Electronic Diamond Tester

 

Several objects were introduced into static Keshe reactors. The image above shows some of the tested objects, which are: Copper and Nordic gold eurocent coins, a silver ring, a gold ring with a diamond, electric copper wires, a telephone wire, nut and bolt, a washer, an Egyptian cartouche of pure silver with gold-plated symbols, knotted copper strands, copper foils, a lattice, a rusted piece of metal. Other objects were treated similarly but the results are not disclosed yet.

RESULTS OF TESTS

All objects are coated with diamond or fullerene layer(s)
5 eurocent coin
Material: steel + copper layer
10 eurocent coin
Material: Nordic gold
Metal washer
Material: iron alloy
Keshe plasma batteries can be made in ISO-norm-sized batteries to be used in all kind of electronic devices which then can last for yearsKeshe plasma batteries can be made in ISO-norm-sized batteries to be used in all kind of electronic devices which then can last for years
Egyptian cartouche
Material: silver + gold
plated symbols
Egyptian cartouche
Material (back): gold
plated
Nut and bolt
Material: metal alloy
Keshe plasma reactors to be used in all kind of electronic components which then are powered for yearsKeshe plasma reactors to be used in all kind of electronic components which then are powered for years
Silver ring
Material: silver
Gold ring
Material: gold
Diamond
Material: diamond
Keshe plasma reactors to be used in all kind of lamps and LED's which then are powered for yearsKeshe plasma reactors to be used in all kind of lamps and LED's which then are powered for years
Keshe plasma reactors to be used in all kind of devices, machines and tools which then are powered for yearsKeshe plasma reactors to be used in all kind of devices, machines and tools which then are powered for years
Lattice
Material: metal alloy
Copper foil
Material: copper
Piece of rusted metal
Material: steel

       Strand of fine telephone wire

                Material: copper

Strands of fine telephone wire
      joined by atomic layers

NEW MATERIALS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS

This new atomic deposition process can be used for all kinds of industrial processes, such as the protection of silver objects against oxidation, anti-humidity/waterproof protection layers on the electronic parts of mobile phones, computers, cameras, televisions and satellites, the production of new types of integrated circuits, new types of electronic parts like capacitors, LED's, switches, etc., the inner and outer protection of metal tubes, and the surfaces of airplane wings, engine and gear parts, etc.

New method of producing Graphene

Cupper electrode with a layer of grapheneCupper electrode with a layer of graphene

We have established a unique method of producing Carbon sp2, also called Graphene, in our static reactors. This happens at room temperature and in normal atmospheric conditions. The experiments, which are very quick and easy to perform, were repeated many times in several types of reactors. This is a major breakthrough since at present graphene is produced in complicated systems at temperatures of 700°-800°C.

Cupper electrode with a layer of super conductive grapheneCupper electrode with a layer of super conductive graphene

Raman Spectroscopy, performed by an independent laboratory, confirms sp2 of carbon on the copper electrode. This electrode shows several sp2 layers on top of each other. This is because we had previously used the tested sample for several different loadings and several carbon extractions from various materials. It was picked randomly from 30 or 40 pieces. The Raman Spectroscopy shows two main peaks in the graphs, one in the sp2 area and one in the sp3 area. The sp3 may indicate either that the weight of the upper layers has caused broken connections in the lower layers, or that the carbon layers on the electrode also contain some sp3, which are diamond-like deposits.

Cupper electrode with a layer of ballistic conductive grapheneCupper electrode with a layer of ballistic conductive graphene

The disk of the sample has a diameter of 19 mm. In specially adapted reactors we are able to treat  much larger surfaces of any shape and length, such as plates of 10 cm x 10 cm. The method can be applied for large scale production of nanofabric for new types of wafer for electronics, on a continuous base in industrial production lines. We believe that perfect nanofabrics of 500 microns (millionths of a meter) across are very feasible, and can be achieved very soon. By altering the exposure time in reactors we can attain the targeted number of sp2 layers of the required thickness. This process will be fine tuned in future tests with industrial partners.

Cupper electrode with a layer of carbon sp2 graphene for FET transistorsCupper electrode with a layer of carbon sp2 graphene for FET transistors

The first image shows minor damage on the outer side of the disk. This is caused by contact with desk surfaces. The samples coming out of a reactor don't have such damage. The blank spaces on the connection between the disk and the wire are caused by the solder material as the oil in it prevents deposition of carbon. The Raman test was not done on the sample shown on the images but with an identical sample.



The basic approach shown in the cola bottle reactor can easily be applied for large-scale industrial production. For example, we can design specific reactors to produce only sp3, thus to manufacture industrial diamond, transparent diamond and glassy carbon for various industrial applications. The presence of pure transparent diamond crystals on special electrodes was confirmed by experts in the Diamond Bourse of Antwerp. A project to produce transparent diamonds in dynamic reactors will be started.

In addition it is
easy to produce boron nitrides, in mono-layers (a-BN). We can also treat various materials which are covered by insulation, such as telephone wires.

Already during tests in mid 2006 other properties were observed, such as porous C-structures which can be used for environmental cleaning. This is part of our IP. In April 2007 ESRF claimed the same discovery.

A similar system can be used for cleaning up CO2, NOx and SO2 from automotive, home and industrial exhaust gases. Adapted versions of these reactors can be used in water treatment systems to extract elements like Cadmium and Chromium. Also Trichloroethylene can be extracted from contaminated water in a simple way by using the electromagnetic fields in the plasma. TCE is widely found in drinking water, and California has some of the nation's worst contamination. (Article LA Times, 27 July 2006)

Please keep in mind that we consider the production of graphene as only one of the by-products of our plasma technology.



Atomic Carbon coated cables and wires

We have carried out several materials tests in our static reactors. One is the treatment of cables and wires that have copper strands inside their insulation coating. All copper wires and strands were still in their insulation sheath while being processed. Different types of cables and wires were introduced into or connected to plasma reactors. Some reactors were filled with some Kt Liquid, others only with pure plasma (a Kt Liquid vapor). No additional external energy sources - such as EUV from arcs, magnetic fields from solid magnets, electrical current, etc. - were used.

TWO KINDS OF TREATMENT

This static reactor has different types of electric and telephone cables mounted in it.

 

 This image shows small telephone wires (each with seven copper strands) inserted in a cola bottle reactor. In these tests only a Kt Liquid vapor is added. After this the reactor is closed and the deposition process starts.

Results after processing.

 

After exposure in the static reactors it was found that all the copper strands were each fully covered by atomic carbon. The carbon atoms had entered one end of the cable and were deposited on the copper surface of each strand.

The carbon atoms, entering by one end of the cable, were deposited on the copper surface of each strand in these small wires. There are indications that the deposits are fullerenes, a combination of sp2 (graphene) and sp3. What is so spectacular is that each strand is completely insulated from the other strands in the same insulation sheath. The insulation material (polymers) is not altered or damaged by the processing, only a slight difference in color is observed. This is the proof that the process is not a chemical reaction.


NEW INSULATING AND CONDUCTIVE PROPERTIES

Although the strands are in direct contact, they are fully insulated from each other by the atomic carbon layers. This is proven in tests - at room temperature - with multi-meters and physical tests with batteries (9V) and lighting, where current was conducted through wires that were directly twisted round each other.

This means that a new proprietary type of wire has been developed, which can co-conduct several strengths of current at the same time through their different strands, and this will mean a revolution for all kinds of electric and electronic design.

This approach can also be used for the design of transistors and integrated circuits. For example, surfaces with only a few atomic carbon layers – such as sp2 (Graphene) with ballistic conductive properties - can be mounted directly on each other while remaining insulated from each other.  With techniques like etching special circuits can be made.

Mr Keshe: "It is clear that we have found a number of new principles of atomic interactions and reaction on the atomic level, which were unknown till now. We developed methods of generating new processes in our reactors, and the coating of wires which are still in their insulation sheath is just one of the industrial applications we see.

"When you are working at the atomic and nano level you are thinking in other sizes. Let’s say if the carbon atoms were the size of ping-pong balls then the insulation material - which we normally think of as being very close to the copper strands - could have gaps like tens of meters wide from the copper strands themselves, so the carbon atoms can travel easily through and be deposited on the free copper atoms which attract them.

"Our method is that we mount full telephone cables in the wall of our reactors, leaving the rest of the cable outside the reactor, and the cables act like exhaust pipes to transport the atomic carbon while depositing them on the copper. This is a process at atomic level, not a chemical process, since the insulation of the wires is still intact.

"We can apply this amazing wire treatment on the atomic and nano level immediately on an industrial scale. The process is quite simple. This new achievement confirms our previous findings that Carbon sp2 and sp3 can be deposited on various substrates and objects at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure, without complicated systems like the traditional arcs treatment. We can provide industry with all kinds of nano-materials at very competitive prices."

Of course the methods and applications are under patent pending, since they will change and simplify a large number of industrial processes, and this not only on the nano scale. Furthermore the original approach developed by Mr Keshe makes it possible to create self-sustaining energy systems that will lead to new kinds of electric generator.

New materials

LIGHTING, APPLIANCES AND TOOLS THAT NEED NO ELECTRIC WIRING


   

New types of lamps. Keshe plasma reactors can be used in all kinds of lamps and LED's which will be powered for years.

New types of appliances and tools. Keshe plasma reactors can be used in all kind of appliances, gadgets and tools which will be powered for years.

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